e-Government, digitization and state modernization: policy dilemmas for Arab countries in the twenty-first century

98th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development, Porto - Portugal 14-15 July

This paper examines the challenges faced by Arab countries in implementing e-government initiatives and highlights how e-government can be a strategic solution to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and promote effective governance. The adoption of e-government varies across the Arab countries, depending on factors such as awareness and budget allocation. While some countries, such as the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Bahrain, or Morocco have made significant progress with good quality technical implementation and clear political vision, others may face limitations due to lack of resources, political instability, or weak government vision. It is imperative to acknowledge these differences and tailor e-government initiatives to the specific contexts and needs of each country. Indeed, this success story leads us to conclude the need for robust legislation to ensure that e-government initiatives are conducted transparently, securely, and in compliance with legal principles, rights, and responsibilities. The paper underlines the importance of comprehensive legislation in the success of e-government projects, focusing on key areas such as data protection and privacy, cybersecurity, electronic transactions, and accessibility.